Entrevista – 268
01/11/2021
Carta do Pastor à ovelha – 270
01/01/2022
Entrevista – 268
01/11/2021
Carta do Pastor à ovelha – 270
01/01/2022
Ulfilas (311-383) – Foto: Reprodução
Abraão de Almeida

Apóstolos e reformadores na Idade Média (Parte 1): Ulfilas e Martinho de Tours

E[Jesus] disse-lhes: Ide por todo o mundo, pregai o evangelho a toda criatura (Mc 16.15). O livro de Atos dos Apóstolos dá-nos uma ideia do progresso do cristianismo até cerca do ano 60 d.C., quando o Evangelho, segundo testifica o apóstolo São Paulo, era pregado a toda criatura que há debaixo do céu (Cl 1.23). De Atos para cá, temos de recorrer à História, e esta, felizmente, mostra como foi a ampliação do alcance da Palavra de Deus dentro e fora dos domínios romanos, nas gerações seguintes.

Eclesiasticamente, o período compreendido entre o segundo século e meados do quinto é chamado de subapostólico. Apesar de várias perseguições, o progresso evangelístico nesse período foi enorme, particularmente na Ásia Menor, onde o número de cristãos chegou à metade da população. O sangue dos mártires, derramado por mãos dos tiranos, era semente plantada em solo fértil, a multiplicar dia a dia o número de salvos. Desse período, focalizaremos o trabalho de alguns servos de Deus a partir desta edição.

Ulfilas (311-383) Nos primeiros decênios do século 4, em uma de suas incursões pela Ásia Menor, os godos levaram consigo, como escravo, um rapaz cujo nome significa lobinho: Ulfilas. Ele era de sangue nobre e havia nascido na Capadócia, no ano 311. O rei dos godos gostou tanto do rapaz que o nomeou adjunto à embaixada real em Constantinopla, onde Ulfilas serviu durante dez anos. [Do editor: Os godos eram uma tribo germânica, composta por grupos e clãs com diversos líderes. São mencionados pela primeira vez em 98 d.C., como habitando a foz do rio Vístula, na atual Polônia. Por volta do ano 200, eles começaram a se deslocar em direção ao mar Negro, tendo-se fixado na atual Ucrânia e Bielorrússia. No encontro com o Império Romano, no século 4, os godos se dividem em ostrogodos (que se estabeleceram na Península Itálica e na Panônia) e visigodos (na Gália e na Hispânia)]

Em Constantinopla, Ulfilas encontrou Cristo como seu Salvador pessoal, operando-se milagrosa transformação em sua vida. Com o coração transbordante de alegria pela posse da salvação, ele desejou voltar à terra onde fora escravizado, a fim de levar àquela pobre gente as Boas-Novas de Jesus. Seus pais fizeram de tudo para impedi-lo, mas ele estava certo da chamada divina.

Partiu para a terra dos godos, ao norte do rio Danúbio, chegando ali em 341. Grandioso foi o trabalho desse homem de Deus. Como os godos não possuíam ainda língua escrita, ele lhes preparou um alfabeto – o gótico – e traduziu para essa língua as Escrituras Sagradas, excetuando-se os livros dos Reis, por temer que as histórias das guerras ali registradas despertassem a paixão bélica daquele povo tão famoso como guerreiro.

Como um marco importante do trabalho de Ulfilas, que faleceu em 383, a Universidade de Upsala, na Suécia, guarda orgulhosamente um exemplar do Novo Testamento (Códice Argênteo) que ele escreveu com tinta de prata sobre púrpura. Daí porque aquele exemplar ficou mais conhecido como a “Bíblia de prata”. Embora Ulfilas não acreditasse plenamente na divindade do Messias, professando a fé ariana, seu trabalho foi glorioso pelo fato de levar a um povo bárbaro a mensagem salvadora do evangelho de Cristo e deixar a Palavra de Deus em uma língua que se tornou a mãe das línguas dos povos do norte da Europa: alemães, escandinavos e anglo-saxões. [Do editor: o arianismo foi uma visão cristológica antitrinitária sustentada pelos seguidores de Ário, presbítero cristão de Alexandria nos primeiros tempos da Igreja primitiva. Ário negava a existência da consubstancialidade entre Jesus e Deus Pai, e acreditava que só existia um Deus e, portanto, para ele, Jesus é Seu filho e não o próprio Deus]

Martinho de Tours (316-397) – Foto: Reprodução

Martinho de Tours (316-397) Enquanto Ulfilas laborava entre os godos, o Evangelho prosperava na Gália (atual França), onde, já no começo do século 2, Irineu (130-202) havia trabalhado como bispo de Lyon. Irineu era discípulo de Policarpo, e este do apóstolo João, que,  com Maria, mãe de Jesus, serviu à igreja de Éfeso.

A pregação do Evangelho e a implantação do cristianismo nas Gálias (região povoada pelos gauleses, que serviu como uma província do Império Romano) deve-se a Martinho, bispo de Tours, homem dotado de capacidade extraordinária e possuidor de grande eloquência. Ele foi discípulo de Santo Hilário de Poitiers (um dos doutores da Igreja), que se notabilizou na Teologia, e contemporâneo de outro importante doutor da Igreja: Agostinho de Hipona (354-430).

Como foi soldado do exército do imperador Constantino, ele se serviu de táticas militares para fazer avançar o cristianismo naquele país. Preparou seus auxiliares e os organizou em exércitos que tinham por finalidade destruir, com ferramentas adequadas, todo vestígio do paganismo: templos, árvores sagradas, ídolos etc.

O lema desse grande e incansável evangelizador era: Não recuso trabalho. Canonizado pela Igreja Católica Romana, Martinho de Tours é hoje o padroeiro da França. No entanto, sua doutrina nada tinha das inovações romanistas que já começavam a surgir em sua época, a partir da suposta conversão, ao cristianismo, do imperador Constantino Magno (272-377), no ano de 312. [Em 13 de junho de 313, Constantino promulgou o Édito de Milão, o qual assegurou a liberdade de culto dos cristãos]

Agostinho de Hipona (354-430) – Foto: Reprodução

Abraão de Almeida
Pastor da Igreja Evangélica Brasileira em Coconut Creek, Flórida, EUA, e autor de mais de 30 livros em português e espanhol. E-mail: abraaodealmeida7@gmail.com

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